Stuttering occurs when the “fluency” or flow of speech is impaired. Sometimes it involves repetition of a sound (ex., M-m-m-me), or a prolongation of a sound (ex,. mmmmmmom) or blocking on a sound If one lives with stuttering for a long time without therapy, other behaviours can also develop, such as avoiding eye contact when speaking to someone, hitting one’s leg to get a word out, or avoiding certain words that the person thinks will make him stutter.
Stuttering often emerges between the ages of two and five, usually at the same time language develops. It is genetic in 60 per cent of cases. Physically, stuttering is a problem in coordinating breathing (respiration) with turning on the voice (phonation) and pronouncing sounds (articulation). It is not caused by personality factors such as shyness or nervousness or “thinking too fast.”